List of American Presidents

"Presidents of the United States" and "US Presidents" redirect here. For the American Rock band, see The Presidents of the United States of America (band). For other uses, see President of the United States (disambiguation).The White House, the president's official residence and center of the administrationUnder the United States Constitution, the President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. As chief of the executive branch and head of the federal government as a whole, the presidency is the highest political office in the United States by influence and recognition. The president is also the Commander-in-Chief of the United States Armed Forces. The president is indirectly elected to a four-year term by an Electoral College (or by the House of Representatives should the Electoral College fail to award an absolute majority of votes to any person). Since the ratification of the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1951, no person may be elected to the office of the president more than twice. Furthermore, no person who served more than two years of a term - to which someone else was elected - may be elected more than once. Upon the death, resignation, or removal from office of an incumbent president, the Vice President assumes the office.

About the list

This list includes only those persons who were sworn into office as president following the ratification of the United States Constitution, which took effect on March 4, 1789. For American leaders before this ratification, see President of the Continental Congress. The list does not include any Acting Presidents under the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

There have been forty-three people sworn into office, and forty-four presidencies, as Grover Cleveland served two non-consecutive terms and is counted chronologically as both the twenty-second and twenty-fourth president. Of the individuals elected as president, four died in office of natural causes (William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor., Warren G. Harding, and Franklin D. Roosevelt), one resigned (Richard Nixon), and four were assassinated (Abraham Lincoln, James A. Garfield, William McKinley, and John F. Kennedy). The first president was George Washington, who was inaugurated in 1789 after a unanimous Electoral College vote. William Henry Harrison spent the shortest time in office at 31 days in 1841. At over twelve years, Franklin D. Roosevelt spent the longest time in office, and is the only president to serve more than two terms; he died shortly into his fourth term in 1945, the decision to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was left to his successor Harry S. Truman, the bombing effectively ended the Pacific War. The current president is Barack Obama; he assumed the office on January 20, 2009, and is the first president of African-American descent. He is also the first president born outside the contiguous United States, having been born in Hawaii.

List of presidents

Parties

     No party       Federalist       Democratic-Republican       Democratic       Whig       Republican

Presidency	President			Took office	Left office	Party	Vice President		Term
1			George Washington	April 30, 1789	March 4, 1797	no party		John Adams	1
									2
2			John Adams	March 4, 1797	March 4, 1801	Federalist		Thomas Jefferson	3
3			Thomas Jefferson	March 4, 1801	March 4, 1809	Democratic- Republican		Aaron Burr	4
								George Clinton	5
4			James Madison	March 4, 1809	March 4, 1817	Democratic- Republican		George ClintonMarch 4, 1809 – April 20, 1812	6
							vacantApril 20, 1812 – March 4, 1813
								Elbridge GerryMarch 4, 1813 – November 23, 1814	7
							vacantNovember 23, 1814 – March 4, 1817
5			James Monroe	March 4, 1817	March 4, 1825	Democratic- Republican		Daniel D. Tompkins	8
									9
6			John Quincy Adams	March 4, 1825	March 4, 1829	Democratic- Republican National Republican		John C. Calhoun	10
7			Andrew Jackson	March 4, 1829	March 4, 1837	Democratic		John C. CalhounMarch 4, 1829 – December 28, 1832	11
							vacantDecember 28, 1832 – March 4, 1833
								Martin Van Buren	12
8			Martin Van Buren	March 4, 1837	March 4, 1841	Democratic		Richard Mentor Johnson	13
9			William Henry Harrison	March 4, 1841	April 4, 1841	Whig		John Tyler	14
10			John Tyler	April 4, 1841	March 4, 1845	Whig April 4, 1841 – September 13, 1841	vacant
						no partySeptember 13, 1841 – March 4, 1845
11			James K. Polk	March 4, 1845	March 4, 1849	Democratic		George M. Dallas	15
12			Zachary Taylor	March 4, 1849	July 9, 1850	Whig		Millard Fillmore	16
13			Millard Fillmore	July 9, 1850	March 4, 1853	Whig	vacant
14			Franklin Pierce	March 4, 1853	March 4, 1857	Democratic		William R. KingMarch 4, 1853 – April 18, 1853	17
							vacantApril 18, 1853 – March 4, 1857
15			James Buchanan	March 4, 1857	March 4, 1861	Democratic		John C. Breckinridge	18
16			Abraham Lincoln	March 4, 1861	April 15, 1865	Republican National Union		Hannibal Hamlin	19
								Andrew Johnson	20
17			Andrew Johnson	April 15, 1865	March 4, 1869	Democratic National Union	vacant
						National Union no party
18			Ulysses S. Grant	March 4, 1869	March 4, 1877	Republican		Schuyler Colfax	21
								Henry WilsonMarch 4, 1873 – November 22, 1875	22
							vacantNovember 22, 1875 – March 4, 1877
19			Rutherford B. Hayes	March 4, 1877	March 4, 1881	Republican		William A. Wheeler	23
20			James A. Garfield	March 4, 1881	September 19, 1881	Republican		Chester A. Arthur	24
21			Chester A. Arthur	September 19, 1881	March 4, 1885	Republican	vacant
22			Grover Cleveland	March 4, 1885	March 4, 1889	Democratic		Thomas A. HendricksMarch 4, 1885 – November 25, 1885	25
							vacantNovember 25, 1885 – March 4, 1889
23			Benjamin Harrison	March 4, 1889	March 4, 1893	Republican		Levi P. Morton	26
24			Grover Cleveland (second term)	March 4, 1893	March 4, 1897	Democratic		Adlai E. Stevenson I	27
25			William McKinley	March 4, 1897	September 14, 1901	Republican		Garret HobartMarch 4, 1897 – November 21, 1899	28
							vacantNovember 21, 1899 – March 4, 1901
								Theodore Roosevelt	29
26			Theodore Roosevelt	September 14, 1901	March 4, 1909	Republican	vacant
								Charles W. Fairbanks	30
27			William Howard Taft	March 4, 1909	March 4, 1913	Republican		James S. ShermanMarch 4, 1909 – October 30, 1912	31
							vacantOctober 30, 1912 – March 4, 1913
28			Woodrow Wilson	March 4, 1913	March 4, 1921	Democratic		Thomas R. Marshall	32
									33
29			Warren G. Harding	March 4, 1921	August 2, 1923	Republican		Calvin Coolidge	34
30			Calvin Coolidge	August 2, 1923	March 4, 1929	Republican	vacant
								Charles G. Dawes	35
31			Herbert Hoover	March 4, 1929	March 4, 1933	Republican		Charles Curtis	36
32			Franklin D. Roosevelt	March 4, 1933 (1933-03-04)	April 12, 1945 (1945-04-12)	Democratic		John Nance Garner	37
									38
								Henry A. Wallace	39
								Harry S. Truman	40
33			Harry S. Truman	April 12, 1945	January 20, 1953	Democratic	vacant
								Alben W. Barkley	41
34			Dwight D. Eisenhower	January 20, 1953	January 20, 1961	Republican		Richard Nixon	42
									43
35			John F. Kennedy	January 20, 1961	November 22, 1963	Democratic		Lyndon B. Johnson	44
36			Lyndon B. Johnson	November 22, 1963	January 20, 1969	Democratic	vacant
								Hubert Humphrey	45
37			Richard Nixon	January 20, 1969	August 9, 1974	Republican		Spiro AgnewJanuary 20, 1969 – October 10, 1973	46
									47
							vacantOctober 10, 1973 – December 6, 1973
								Gerald Ford December 6, 1973 – August 9, 1974
38			Gerald Ford	August 9, 1974	January 20, 1977	Republican	vacantAugust 9, 1974 – December 19, 1974
								Nelson Rockefeller December 19, 1974 – January 20, 1977
39			Jimmy Carter	January 20, 1977	January 20, 1981	Democratic		Walter Mondale	48
40			Ronald Reagan	January 20, 1981	January 20, 1989	Republican		George H. W. Bush	49
									50
41			George H. W. Bush	January 20, 1989	January 20, 1993	Republican		Dan Quayle	51
42			Bill Clinton	January 20, 1993	January 20, 2001	Democratic		Al Gore	52
									53
43			George W. Bush	January 20, 2001	January 20, 2009	Republican		Dick Cheney	54
									55
44			Barack Obama	January 20, 2009	Incumbent	Democratic		Joe Biden	56